Occurrence of periodontal pathogens in ethnic groups from a native Brazilian reservation.

OBJECTIVE: The present study was designed to evaluate the occurrence of periodontal pathogens in the subgingival biofilm of 100 native Brazilians living at the Umutina Indian Reservation, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. METHODS: Periodontal clinical examinations were carried out prior to collection of subgingival biofilm, and the presence of 14 periodontal microorganisms was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The prevalence and risk analysis was performed using Cochran and Mantel-Haenszel statistics for dichotomous variables or Pearson's chi-squared test for analysis of proportions when variables had three or more categories. The interrelations between clinical and microbiological parameters were assessed using Fisher's exact test and the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: Individuals with chronic periodontitis were frequently colonized by the association between Porphyromonas gingivalis and Campylobacter rectus, P. gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia, or P. gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia. Patients with chronic periodontitis were also colonized by Porphyromonas gulae and P. intermedia or by the association between P. gulae and T. forsythia. P. gulae was detected only in the subgingival samples from natives on a traditional diet. Gingival bleeding was associated with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, T. forsythia, P. gingivalis, P. gulae, Porphyromonas endodontalis, P. intermedia, and Prevotella nigrescens. Treponema denticola was uncommon. CONCLUSIONS: Peculiar microbiota was demonstrated to be associated with different periodontal disease statuses in native Brazilians, with modest occurrence of certain pathogens, such as T. denticola, and the presence of P. gulae in natives with gingivitis or chronic periodontitis.

Occurrence of socransky red complex in pregnant women with and without periodontal disease.

PURPOSE: To verify the presence of Socransky Red Complex (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia) and P. intermedia using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in periodontally healthy pregnant women and pregnant women with periodontal disease, as well as its relation to arterial blood pressure and capillary glycaemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This case control study included 86 pregnant women, including 50 pregnant women with healthy periodontium, 27 with gingivitis and 9 with periodontitis. Arterial blood pressure and glycaemia were evaluated and recorded. Clinical specimens from the gingival crevice or periodontal pockets were gathered with sterile absorbent paper cones. DNA extraction was accomplished using the Easy-DNA Kit test and the presence of bacteria was detected by PCR with primers and specific probes for each microorganism. RESULTS: The arterial pressure of all pregnant women was found to be within normal levels and 51% presented with hyperglycaemia, these two variables were not associated with periodontal conditions and/or presence of microorganisms. Socransky Red Complex was not present in pregnant women with healthy periodontium; however, it was present in pregnant women with gingivitis (3.7%) and in a higher percentage of pregnant women with periodontitis (33.3%). CONCLUSION: Socransky Red Complex was found only in cases of periodontal diseases and is not related to blood pressure and/or high levels of blood glucose.

Biochemical and microbiological characteristics of in situ biofilm formed on materials containing fluoride or amorphous calcium phosphate.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the biochemical and microbiological characteristics of in situ biofilm formed on materials that release fluoride (F-) or calcium (Ca++) and phosphate (Pi). METHODS: This study comprised an in situ and in vitro experiment, utilizing three materials [Auralay XF and Fuji IX GP, containing fluoride, and Aegis containing amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP)] and bovine dental enamel slabs. For the in situ: 10 volunteers wore palatal devices, each containing four material specimens or enamel slabs that were treated with 20% sucrose solution. The biofilm had pH measurements on Day 7 and the composition was analyzed on Day 8 by assessing the following: F-, Ca++, Pi and insoluble extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) concentrations, and then identification of the microbiota. For the in vitro: materials/enamel were subjected to a 7-day pH-cycling regimen to determine F, Ca++ and Pi release. RESULTS: The biofilm formed on F(-)-releasing materials was richer in F, Ca++ and Pi and had lower mutans streptococci counts than enamel biofilm. The biofilm on the ACP-containing material exhibited similar Ca++ and Pi concentrations to biofilm on F(-)-releasing materials. The materials showed buffering action compared with enamel. Biochemical and microbiological characteristics showed a less cariogenic biofilm on materials containing fluoride or amorphous calcium phosphate.

Microbiota associated with infections of the jaws.

The microbial infections involving the craniofacial skeleton, particularly maxilla and mandible, have direct relationship with the dental biofilm, with predominance of obligate anaerobes. In some patients, these infections may spread to bone marrow or facial soft tissues, producing severe and life-threatening septic conditions. In such cases, local treatment associated with systemic antimicrobials should be used in order to eradicate the sources of contamination. This paper discuss the possibility of spread of these infections and their clinical implications for dentistry, as well as their etiology and aspects related to microbial virulence and pathogenesis.

Subgingival microbiota from Cebus apella (capuchin monkey) with different periodontal conditions.

This present study evaluated the subgingival microbiota of the Cebus apella with different periodontal conditions kept by the Tufted Capuchin Monkey Procreation Center (São Paulo State University - UNESP) or free-ranging monkeys. For this purpose, clinical specimens of subgingival biofilm were collected from 52 monkeys, of both genders, 40 kept in captivity and 12 free-ranging monkeys. The primates were submitted to periodontal evaluation and biofilm samples were transferred to VMGA III transport medium and ultrapure water. The microbiota was cultivated in selective and non-selective culture media and microbial DNA was extracted and the presence of periodontal pathogens was evaluated using PCR and real-time PCR. The actinomycetes, fusobacteria, Campylobacter rectus, Eikenella corrodens, black-pigmented Gram-negative anaerobic rods, Tannerella forsythia, staphylococci and streptococci represent the predominantly detected microorganisms. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Dialister pneumosintes and Prevotella nigrescens were rarely observed, whereas Treponema denticola was not found. Populations of C. rectus, E. corrodens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, T. forsythia and the total microbial load were significantly higher in animals with bone loss and, in smaller extension, in animals with gingival bleeding.

Antimicrobial activity of six plant extracts from the Brazilian savanna on periodontal pathogens / Actividad antimicrobiana de seis extractos de plantas de la sabana brasileña en patógenos periodontales

The extracts of plants from Brazilian savanna are currently used in popular medicine. This study evaluated the inhibitory activity of the alcoholic and aqueous extracts from savanna plants on periodontal bacteria. The minimal inhibitory concentrations were evaluated by the agar dilution method, using Wilkins-Chalgren agar. Antimicrobial activity of plants extracts on microbial biofilms was determined in microplates. Psidium cattleianum and Myracrodruon urundeuva extracts demonstrated significant inhibitory activity on all bacterial strains tested; alcoholic and aqueous extracts showed similar results. The extracts from these two species were able to inhibit both planktonic cells and microbial biofilm.

Los extractos de las plantas de la sabana brasileña actualmente se utilizan en la medicina popular. Este estudio evaluó la actividad inhibitoria de los extractos alcohólicos y acuosos de plantas de la sabana en bacterias periodontales. Las concentraciones inhibitorias mínimas fueron evaluados por el método de dilución en agar, utilizando agar Wilkins-Chalgren. La actividad antimicrobiana de los extractos de plantas en las biopelículas microbianas se determinó en microplacas. Los extractos de Psidium cattleianum y Myracrodruon urundeuva demostraron una importante actividad inhibitoria sobre todas las cepas bacterianas probadas, extractos alcohólicos y acuosos mostraron resultados similares. Los extractos de estas dos especies fueron capaces de inhibir las células planctónicas y biofilm microbiano.

Efeitos da radioterapia sobre as condições bucais de pacientes oncológicos / Effects of radiotherapy on the oral consitions of oncologic patients

o presente estudo avaliou as condições bucais de 50 pacientes oncológicos submetidos à radioterapia de cabeça e pescoço (rT). os exames clínicos foram realizados antes do tratamento, imediatamente após 30 dias da rT e 6 meses após a conclusão da rT. As condições periodontais foram avaliadas segundo os critérios do Periodontal screening and recording (Psr) e determinou-se a necessidade de tratamento odontológico. A presença de xerostomia, mucosite e outros efeitos colaterais da rT foi também avaliada. Os pacientes irradiados logo após o início da radioterapia desenvolvem severa mucosite, dermatite, disgeusia, xerostomia e, em menor extensão, candidose. Após a conclusão da radioterapia, 68% dos pacientes apresentavam mucosite grau III ou IV. Verificou-se que o desenvolvimento de mucosite dificulta a higiene bucal, o que colabora para exacerbar a inflamação nos tecidos periodontais. Os dados do presente estudo mostraram que a principal causa de abandono da RT e da severidade das sequelas da RT dependem das condições bucais dos pacientes antes do início do tratamento e da ausência de tratamento odontológico prévio à RT.

Doença periodontal, diabete mellitus e hipertensão em gestantes usuárias do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) / Periodontal disease, diabetes mellitus and hypertension in pregnant women, users of Brazilian Health System (SUS)

Objetivo - avaliar a associação entre doença periodontal, diabete mellitus e hipertensão arterial em gestantes usuárias do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Métodos – a amostra consistiu de 86 mulheres, com idade gestacional entre o 4º e o 7º mês, submetidas ao atendimento pré-natal em Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS). A condição periodontal foi avaliada por 2 pesquisadores calibrados (Kappa = 0,91) pelo do Índice Periodontal Comunitário (IPC). A aferição da pressão arterial foi realizada por profissionais das próprias UBS, utilizando-se esfigmomanômetro e o teste de glicemia foi realizado a partir de amostra de sangue colhida do dedo médio, com lanceta descartável adaptada a um lancetador (Accu-Chek Softclix Pro; Roche, USA), para a aferição utilizou-se um monitor de glicemia (Accu-Chek Advantage II, Roche, USA).Os dados foram anotados em ficha numerada, não permitindo a identificação das pacientes. Posteriormente, os mesmos passaram por análise estatística, sendo aplicado o teste Exato de Fisher para avaliar a existência de associação entre as variáveis glicemia e doença periodontal. No teste foi adotado o nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados – A maioria das gestantes apresentaram saúde periodontal (58,1%), 41,9% dos sujeitos da pesquisa mostraram pelo menos um sinal de doença periodontal, sendo que 31,4% apresentaram gengivite e 10,5% periodontite. A hiperglicemia foi detectada em 51,2 % e não foi encontrado valor de pressão arterial superior ao considerado normal. Conclusão - não se verificou associação significativa entre a presença de doença periodontal, alteração de glicemia e hipertensão arterial nas gestantes participantes da pesquisa

Purpose: To evaluate the association among periodontal disease, diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension in pregnant women users of the Brazilian Health System (SUS). Methods: The sample consisted of 86 women, with pregnant age between the 4th and 7 th month, submitted to pre-natal attendance in Health Basic Unities (HBUs). Periodontal condition was evaluated by 2 calibrated researchers (Kappa = 0.91) through the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). A sphygmomanometer was used to check the arterial pressure, what was accomplished by the professionals from the HBUs; glycemia test was accomplished through a blood sample collected from the middle finger with a disposable lancet adapted to a lance device (Accu-Chek Softclix Pro; Roche, USA), and for checking the glycemia level, a glycemia monitor was used (Accu-Chek Advantage II, Roche, USA). Data were written on a numbered register form, avoiding patient identification. After, the same data were statistically analyzed through the Fisher Exact Test, in order to evaluate the existence of association between the variables blood glucose and periodontal disease. In this test, a significance level of 0,05 was adopted. Results – Most of the pregnant woman presented periodontal health (58,1%); 41,9% of the research subjects showed at least one sign of periodontal disease, with 31,4% presenting gingivitis and 10,5% periodontitis. Hyperglycemia was detected in 51,2% and it was not found a value of arterial pressure higher than what is considered to be normal. Conclusion: it was not verified a significant association among the presence of periodontal disease, glycemia alteration and arterial hypertension in pregnant women who comprised this research

Manifestaciín bucal de paracoccidioidomicosis asociada a aspergilosis: presentación de caso / Manifestaciín oral paracoccidioidomycosis associated with aspergillosis: a case report

Paracoccidioidomicosis y Aspergilosis son micosis causadas respectivamente por los hongos Paracoccidioides brasiliensis y Aspergillus fumigatus, que afectan con mayor frecuencia los pulmones y posteriormente se propagan para otras regiones del cuerpo. La asociación de estas dos micosis en pacientes que no presentaban inmunosupresión es poco común. Descripción de caso clínico resaltadas: Paciente de sexo masculino de 49 años, presentó lesión en el paladar, orofaringe y región retromolar. Los exámenes histológicos, citopatológicos y microbiológicos confirmaron el diagnóstico de paracoccidioidomicosis asociada a aspergilosis. Históricamente los hongos se han considerado como la causa de infecciones de relativa significancia; sin embargo, en los últimos años se ha visto un aumento importante de las enfermedades que causan. El reconocimiento del agente etiológico en cultivos es importante para poder implementar el tratamiento adecuado, ya que éstos pueden producir daños irreversibles o llevar a la muerte del paciente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue mostrar por medio del caso clínico de un paciente que presentaba las dos mucosis asociadas em mucosa bucal y orofaringe la necesidad de exámenes complementares para el diagnóstico de las enfermedades bucales cuando los exámenes de laboratorio de rutina indican la presencia de enfermedades asociadas

Paracoccidioidomycosis and aspergillosis are, respectively, mycosis caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Aspergillus fumigatus fungi, which, most frequently, attack the lungs and later spread to other body regions. The association between both mycosis is rare in patients that do not present immunosuppression. A 49-year-old man presented with oral lesion, besides lesions on palatum, retromolar and oropharyngeal regions. Histopathological and microbiological exams confirmed the diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis associated to aspergillosis. Historically, fungi have been considered as the cause of relatively important infections, but, in the last years, a significant increase of diseases caused by fungi is evidenced. The recognition of the etiological agent in culture is important for the suitable treatment, once these fungi can cause irreversible damages or even death. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate, through the case of a patient who presented both mycosis associated, the need of complementary exams for the diagnosis of oral diseases, when routine laboratorial exams indicate the presence of another disease associated

Saliva: reflection of the body.

Saliva has become an important resource for evaluating physiological and pathological conditions in humans. The use of saliva has many advantages, including the simple and non-invasive method of collection and its easy, low-cost storage. With the addition of modern techniques and chemical instrumentation equipment, there has been an increase in its use for laboratory investigations, applicable for basic and clinical analyses in the fields of medicine and dentistry. The value of these methods for the diagnosis of oral and systemic diseases has been the subject of study by several researchers with the aim of increasing its use alongside complementary exams.

Avaliação clínica de três sistemas de remoção minimamente invasivos do tecido cariado / Clinical evaluation of three systems minimally invasive removal of carious tissue

A atual filosofia da odontologia por meio da máxima preservação e mínima intervenção tem aumentado o interesse por métodos de preparos cavitários ultraconservadores. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar as formas de remoção de cárie, mecânica e químico-mecânica, utilizando Carisolv™ e Papacárie®, em dentes decíduos avaliando a aceitabilidade dos pacientes, presença e intensidade da dor, uso de anestesia, tempo de remoção do tecido cariado e presença de dor 24 horas após a realização dos tratamentos. O grupo amostral foi composto por 32 escolares, entre 6 e 10 anos, idade média de 8,09 anos e apresentando como critério de inclusão ao menos duas lesões de cárie de dentina. As crianças foram distribuídas em dois grupos contendo 16 participantes. O Grupo I foi composto pelos tratamentos mecânico e Carisolv™ e o Grupo II, mecânico e Papacárie®. Pôde-se observar uma grande aceitabilidade aos tratamentos (97%) e uma mínima utilização de anestesia (14%). No Grupo I, 64% dos pacientes relataram dor com o tratamento mecânico e destes, 33% a classificaram como forte. Com o Carisolv™ 31% apresentaram dor, sendo que destes 40% a indicaram como forte. No Grupo II, houve presença de dor em 25% das crianças sendo que destas, 50% a identificaram como forte, em ambos os tratamentos. Somente 6,25% dos dentes tratados apresentaram um quadro de dor 24 horas após a realização das restaurações. O tempo médio das remoções totais de cárie pelos tratamentos mecânicos e químico-mecânicos no Grupo I foi respectivamente, em minutos, de 6,25 ± 2,33; 7,75 ± 2,49 e no Grupo II de 6,75 ± 2,38; 7,37 ± 2,15. Dessa forma, não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre as variáveis analisadas

The current philosophy of dentistry through the maximum preserving and minimum intervention has increased the interest in methods of ultraconservation cavities preparation. The aim of this study was to compare the ways of caries removal, mechanic and chemical-mechanic, using Carisolv™ and Papacárie®, in deciduous teeth evaluating the patients’ acceptability, presence and intensity of pain, anesthesia use, time of caries removal and presence of pain 24 hours after the treatments performance. The sample group was composed by 32 scholars between 6 and 10 years-old, mean age of 8.09 years and presenting as inclusion criteria at least two caries lesions in dentine. The children were divided in two groups of 16 patients. The Group I was represented by the mechanic and Carisolv™ treatments and the Group II, mechanic and Papacárie®. There was a great acceptability to the treatments (97%) and low anesthesia use (14%). In the Group I, 64% of the patients mentioned pain with the mechanical treatment and 33% of these classified it as strong. With Carisolv, 31% presented pain, and among them, 40% indicated it as strong. In the Group II, there was pain in 25% of children and of these, 50% identified it as strong, in both treatments. Only 6,25% of teeth treated showed a pain status 24 hours after the performance of the restorations. The mean time of the total caries removal by the mechanical and chemical-mechanical treatments in the Group I was respectively, in minutes, of 6.25 ± 2.33; 7.75 ± 2.49 and in the Group II of 6.75 ± 2.38; 7.37 ± 2.15. There were no differences statistically significant among the analyzed variables

Oncogenes e desenvolvimento do câncer / Oncogenes and cancer development

A proposição do presente trabalho é descrever ao leitor, através de uma revisão de literatura, inicialmente, conceitos básicos a respeito do ciclo normal de divisão celular e, posteriormente, inserir os aspectos principais da participação dos oncogenes no desenvolvimento do câncer, traçando ainda, algumas considerações, especialmente quanto ao carcinoma epidermóide da cabeça e pescoço

The effects of fibrin sponge (Fibrinol), fibrin adhesive material (Tissucol), and epsilon-aminocaproic acid (Eaca) on the healing of experimental rat tibial lesions / Efeitos da esponja de fibrina (Fibrinol), adesivo fibrínico (Tissucol) e ácido épsilon-aminocapróico (EACA) no repara de defeitos ósseo em tíbia de rato

Foram estudados, histologicamente, os efeitos das associações Tissucol/Fibrinol e Tissucol/Fibrinol/EACA no reparo osseo. Cavidades cirúrgicas foram realizadas em ambas as tíbias de 25 ratos, de tal sorte que as tíbias direitas receberam duas cavidades e a esquerda, apenas uma. Os materiais testados foram colocados nas tíbias direitas, enquanto que as esquerdas serviram como controle. Em grupos de cinco, os animais foram sacrificados aos 1, 3, 7, 14 e 21 dias pós-operatórios. Os resultados obtidos mostram que: a) as associações Tissucol/Fibrinol e Tissucol/Fibrinol/EACA não interferiram na formação dos tecidos conjuntivo e ósseo; b) as associações Tissucol/Fibrinol e Tissucol/Fibrinol/EACA permitiram a neoformação óssea; c) resíduos de Tissucol/Fibrinol observados aos 21 dias pós-operatórios não impediram o reparo; d) no grupo Tissucol/Fibrinol/EACA, o material foi completamente absorvido e o reparo completou-se aos 21 dias pós-operatórios

Implante da associaçäo esponja de fibrina (Fibrinol R) adesivo fibrínico (Tissucol R) em cavidade cirúrgica preparada em tíbia de rato: estudo histológico / Use of an implant of fibrin sponge (Fibrinol R) with fibrin adhesive material (Tissucol R) in the healing process of experimental rat tibial lesions: histologic study

Estudaram-se os efeitos da associaçäo esponja de fibrina (Fibrinol R)/adesivo fibrínico (Tissucol R) no reparo ósseo, comparando-a com o adesivo fibrínico (Tissucol R). Cavidades cirúrgicas foram preparadas em ambas as tíbias de 25 ratos. Os materiais testados foram implantados nas tíbias direitas, enquanto que as tíbias esquerdas serviram como controle. Em grupos de cinco, os animais foram sacrificados aos 1, 3, 7, 14 e 21 dias pós-operatórios. Os resultados histológicos mostraram que: a) os tecidos conjuntivo e ósseo se desenvolveram na intimidade da associaçäo esponja de fibrina (Fibrinol R)/adesivo fibrínico (Tissucol R); b) a associaçäo esponja de fibrina (Fibrinol R)/adesivo fibrínico (Tissucol R) é paulativamente absorvida ao longo da reparaçäo óssea; c) a associaçäo esponja de fibrina (Fibrinol R)/adesivo fibrínico (Tissucol R) é completamente absorvida e o material está aos 21 dias pós-operatórios; d) a associaçäo esponja de fibrina (Fibrinol R)/adesivo fibrínico (Tissucol R) estimula a formaçäo de tecidos reparacionais qualitativamente semelhantes àqueles formados em resposta ao implante fibrínico (Tissucol R) ao longo dos períodos estudados

Osseous regeneration in the presence of fibrin adhesive material (Tissucol©) and epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) / Regeneração óssea com a utilização de material adesivo de fibrina (Tissucol©) e ácido épsilon-aminocapróico (EACA)

The effects of Tissucol© and Tissucol©/EACA on bone healing were evaluated histologically. Experimental defects were made in both tibias of 25 rats. Test materials were placed in defects in right tibias and left tibias served as control. Five animals in each group were killed at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after surgery. Results showed that: a) Tissucol© did not interfere with connective and osseous tissue formation; b) Tissucol© allowed new bone formation; c) Tissucol© residues in Tissucol© groups in sections of 21-day specimens did not impair healing; d) Tissucol©/EACA was usually completely resorbed and healing was complete 21 days after surgery in the Tissucol©/EACA group